Pump

      A pump is a device used to move liquids, or slurries. A pump moves liquids from lower pressure to higher pressure, and overcomes this difference in pressure by adding energy to the system (such as a water system). A gas pump is generally called a compressor, except in very low pressure-rise applications, such as in heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning, the equipment is known as fans or blowers.

     The earliest pump was described by Archimedes in the 3rd century BC and is known as the Archimedes screw pump. Pumps work by using mechanical forces to push the material, either by physically lifting, or by the force of compression.

Types

     Pumps fall into two major groups: rotodynamic pumps and positive displacement pumps. Their names describe the method for moving a fluid, such as water.

     Positive displacement pumps

     A positive displacement pump causes a liquid to move by trapping a fixed amount of fluid and then forcing (displacing) that trapped volume into the discharge pipe. Positive displacement pumps can be further classified as either rotary-type (for example the rotary vane pump) or reciprocating-type (for example the diaphragm pump).
     A common type is the Wendelkolben pump or the helical twisted Roots pump. The low pulsation rate and gentle performance of this Roots-type positive displacement pump is achieved due to a combination of its two 90° helical twisted rotors, and a triangular shaped sealing line configuration, both at the point of suction and at the point of discharge. This design produces a continuous and non-vorticuless flow with equal volume.

     Centrifugal Pumps

     Centrifugal Pumps are those which convert the Mechanical energy into Hydraulic energy by centrifugal force on the liquid. Hydraulic energy is in the form of Pressure energy. So if the mechanical energy is converted into pressure energy by centrifugal force on the liquid is called the centrifugal pumps. There are mainly two types of the Pumps. 1. Kinetic 2. Positive Displacement

     1.Kinetic Pumps

     1. Continuous energy addition 2. Conversion of added energy to increase in kinetic energy (increase in velocity) 3. Conversion increased velocity to increase in pressure 4. Conversion of Kinetic head to Pressure Head. 5. Meet all heads like Kinetic , Potential, and Pressu

     2. Positive Displacement

     1. Periodic energy addition 2. Added energy forces displacement of fluid in an enclosed volume 3. Fluid displacement results in direct increase in pressure

Application

     Pumps are used throughout society for a variety of purposes. Early applications includes the use of the windmill or watermill to pump water. Today, the pump is used for irrigation, water supply, gasoline supply, air conditioning systems, refrigeration (usually called a compressor), chemical movement, sewage movement, flood control, marine services, etc.

     Because of the wide variety of applications, pumps have a plethora of shapes and sizes: from very large to very small, from handling gas to handling liquid, from high pressure to low pressure, and from high volume to low volume.

Power source

     Pumps may be powered by an internal combustion engine, electric motor, manually (as with the hand pump used for pumping groundwater, called walking beam pump), or by wind power (common for irrigation). Solar power has been used to power an electric motor, for remote locations.